英語 第3章
短文〜中文読解
問題編
オリジナル英文の読解・要旨・語彙
① 導入
この章では、オリジナルの短い英文を読んで、内容一致・要旨・語彙の問題を解きます。 すべての単語を日本語に訳す必要はありません。「誰が」「何をした（している）」「なぜ」を落とさずに読むことが目標です。
英文を読むときは、まず主語（だれが）と動詞（する・です）を探すのがコツです。日本語は「私は サッカーを します」の順ですが、 英語は I play soccer. のように動詞が主語のすぐあとに来ます。読めない単語があっても、そこで止まらず先に進んで大丈夫です。
② 基本概念
- まず文章全体をさっと読み、話題（何についての文章か）をつかむ。
- 設問の主語・時（現在／過去）・疑問詞を確認してから、本文の対応する部分を探す。
- 知らない単語が出てきても、前後の文から意味を推測してから先に進む。
③ 図解
読み方の順番
① 話題をつかむ（何についての文章か）
② 設問を読む（何を聞かれているか）
③ 本文の対応する文を探す
④ 根拠となる一文を指で押さえてから答える
④ 例題
【Passage A】
My name is Rina. I am a junior high school student. I get up at six every morning. I walk to school with my friend Mai. We have four classes before lunch. After school, I practice basketball with my team. I enjoy sports very much.
What is the passage mainly about?
What does Rina do after school?
In the passage, enjoy is closest in meaning to:
⑤ 基本問題
【Passage B】を読み、設問に答えなさい。
【Passage B】
Our family has a cat. Her name is Momo. Momo is white and very cute. She sleeps a lot during the day. In the evening, she plays with a ball in the living room. My sister gives her food every night. Momo can jump very high. We all love Momo very much.
【小学校の復習】次の3つの単語をアルファベット順（a→z）に並べたものを選びなさい。cat, ant, dog
【小学校の復習】次の英単語の日本語の意味を選びなさい。book
What color is Momo?
What can Momo do?
Who gives Momo food every night?
⑥ 標準問題
【Passage C】を読み、設問に答えなさい。
【Passage C】
Last Saturday, our class went on a trip to the zoo. We saw many animals there. The elephants were very big, and the monkeys were funny. My friend Sota took a lot of pictures. At lunch time, we ate rice balls under a big tree. It was a sunny day, so everyone had a great time. I want to go there again with my family.
What is the passage mainly about?
What did Sota do at the zoo?
In the passage, funny is closest in meaning to:
⑦ 応用・実力テスト形式
【Passage D】を読み、設問に答えなさい。
【Passage D】
Every Wednesday afternoon, students at Green Hill Junior High School can join the cooking club. In the club, they learn how to make simple dishes like sandwiches and salads. Last month, the members made pizza for the first time. Some students were nervous because it was their first time to use the big oven, but their teacher, Ms. Tanaka, helped them step by step. In the end, everyone was happy because the pizza tasted really good. Now more students want to join the club. The club leader says, "Cooking is fun, and we can learn new things together every week."
What is the passage mainly about?
Who helped the students make pizza?
In the passage, nervous is closest in meaning to:
Why did some students feel nervous?
Passage Dについて、(1)(2)に答えなさい。
(1) 最終文で部長（club leader）が伝えたいことを、本文の言葉を根拠に日本語で説明しなさい。
(2) 本文の内容から、"more students want to join the club" という結果が起きた理由を、本文中の出来事を根拠に40字程度の日本語で説明しなさい。
【Passage F】を読み、(1)〜(6)に答えなさい。
【Passage F】
Last spring, students at Sakura Junior High School started a recycling project. Every Friday, they collect used paper and plastic bottles from each classroom. At first, only a few students joined, but now almost every class takes part. Ms. Oda, the project leader, says, "We collected twice as many bottles this month as last month." The school plans to use the money from recycling to buy new books for the library. Some students say they feel proud when they see the collection boxes fill up quickly.
(1) What is the passage mainly about?
(2) In the passage, collect is closest in meaning to:
(3) How often do students collect used paper and plastic bottles?
(4) What will the school do with the money from recycling?
(5) Ms. Odaの発言（"We collected twice as many bottles this month as last month."）が示す内容を根拠に、プロジェクトがどのように変化したかを30〜40字の日本語で説明しなさい。
(6) 本文に "Some students say they feel proud" とあるが、その理由を本文全体の内容を根拠に35〜45字の日本語で説明しなさい。
⑦は定期テスト後半相当（複合・記述）。外部は物差しのみ。
⑧ 確認テスト
制限時間：15分 ／ 満点：100点（各20点×5問）
【Passage E】
Tom likes reading books about space. Every weekend, he goes to the library near his house. Last Sunday, he found a new book about stars. He read it all afternoon and learned many new things.
What is the passage mainly about?
What did Tom find last Sunday?
found is the past form of which verb?
enjoy is closest in meaning to:
When does Tom go to the library?
⑨ 完全解説
問題編の解答・解説は解説編を参照してください。知らなかった単語は、例文とともに語彙ノートへ書き加えましょう。